What does the term "three-phase system" refer to?

The term "three-phase system" refers to an electrical system that utilizes three alternating currents, each offset by 120 degrees from one another. This configuration allows for a more efficient and balanced distribution of electrical power. In a three-phase system, the three currents work together to provide a continuous and consistent power supply, which is particularly beneficial in industrial and commercial applications where large motors and heavy machinery require reliable energy.

The 120-degree phase difference is critical because it enables the system to maintain a steady flow of power. While one phase is at its peak voltage, the others are in different states of their sine waves. This coordination improves the efficiency of power transmission, reduces the amount of conductor material needed, and minimizes the likelihood of voltage dips or peaks, which can affect the stability of electrical equipment.

In contrast, the other options describe different systems or characteristics that do not align with the principles of a three-phase system, such as a single current or direct currents, which do not offer the same advantages in power distribution.