What electrical property does a capacitor store?

A capacitor is a component specifically designed to store electric charge, making electric charge the correct answer. The fundamental operation of a capacitor involves the separation of positive and negative charges within its structure, typically between two conductive plates separated by an insulating material (dielectric). When a voltage is applied across the plates, the electric field created facilitates the accumulation of electric charge on the plates. The ability to store this charge is what gives capacitors their unique properties in electrical circuits, such as filtering, timing, and energy storage applications.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately describe the function of a capacitor. For instance, electric potential refers to the voltage potential difference between two points in a circuit, but it does not represent what a capacitor stores. Electric current refers to the flow of electric charge through a conductor over time, while electric resistance measures the opposition to that flow. These properties are essential in understanding circuit behavior but do not define the capacitor's primary function of charge storage.